Testosterone Levels by Age Chart

Testosterone, often referred to as the primary male hormone, plays a crucial role in numerous bodily functions that extend far beyond sexual health. This powerful androgen influences energy levels, muscle mass development, bone density maintenance, fat distribution, red blood cell production, and of course, libido and reproductive function. Whether you're an athlete looking to optimize performance, a middle-aged man noticing changes in your body, or someone simply interested in maintaining optimal health, understanding your testosterone levels is essential.

The purpose of this article is to provide clear, evidence-based information about age-specific testosterone level ranges measured in nanomoles per liter (nmol/L), the standard unit used by medical professionals worldwide. While many men know that testosterone is important, fewer understand what constitutes normal levels for their specific age group, how these levels naturally change over time, and what factors might influence these changes.

By the end of this article, you'll have a comprehensive understanding of normal testosterone ranges for different age groups, how to interpret your own levels, and what steps you might consider if your levels fall outside the expected range. Armed with this knowledge, you'll be better equipped to have informed conversations with healthcare providers and make lifestyle choices that support optimal hormonal health.

Understanding Testosterone Levels

What is Testosterone?

Testosterone is a steroid hormone primarily produced in the testes in men and, to a much lesser extent, in the ovaries in women. In men, the Leydig cells in the testes produce approximately 95% of the body's testosterone, while the remaining 5% is produced by the adrenal glands. This hormone is responsible for the development of male sexual characteristics during puberty, including increased muscle mass, deepening of the voice, growth of facial and body hair, and genital development.

Beyond these obvious physical changes, testosterone also affects numerous physiological processes throughout life. It contributes to cognitive function, mood regulation, cardiovascular health, and metabolism. The hormone works by binding to androgen receptors found throughout the body's tissues, triggering various cellular responses.

While testosterone is often thought of as a "male hormone," it's important to note that women also produce testosterone, albeit in much smaller quantities. In women, testosterone contributes to bone strength, muscle maintenance, and sexual function, though estrogen plays a more dominant role in female physiology.

How is Testosterone Measured?

When measuring testosterone levels, physicians typically look at two main metrics: total testosterone and free testosterone.

Total testosterone represents all testosterone in the bloodstream, including:

• Testosterone bound to sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) - approximately 60-80%
• Testosterone bound to albumin - approximately 20-40%
• Free (unbound) testosterone - approximately 1-2%

Free testosterone refers to the small percentage of the hormone that isn't bound to proteins in the blood. This unbound testosterone is biologically active and available for use by tissues. Some clinicians also measure "bioavailable testosterone," which includes free testosterone plus the testosterone that is weakly bound to albumin and can easily become available to tissues.

In clinical settings, testosterone is most commonly measured in nanomoles per liter (nmol/L), particularly outside the United States. Within the US, measurements in nanograms per deciliter (ng/dL) are also common. For reference, to convert from ng/dL to nmol/L, multiply by 0.0347.

Several factors can affect the accuracy of testosterone measurements:

• Time of day: Testosterone levels typically peak in the morning and decline throughout the day. For accurate assessment, blood should ideally be drawn in the early morning, typically between 7 and 10 AM.
  
• Lab variations: Different laboratories may use different testing methods and reference ranges. When monitoring testosterone levels over time, it's best to use the same laboratory for consistency.
  
• Recent activity: Intense exercise, sexual activity, and even psychological stress can temporarily influence testosterone levels.
  
• Fasting status: Some research suggests that food intake may temporarily lower testosterone levels.
  

For the most accurate assessment, multiple measurements on different days are often recommended, particularly before making treatment decisions.

Factors Affecting Testosterone Levels

Numerous factors can influence testosterone levels throughout life:

1. Age: Perhaps the most significant factor, age-related decline in testosterone production begins around age 30, with men typically experiencing a 1-2% decrease per year thereafter.
   
2. Genetics: Family history plays a substantial role in determining baseline testosterone levels and how they change with age.
   
3. Body composition: Higher body fat percentage, particularly visceral fat, is associated with lower testosterone levels due to increased aromatization (conversion of testosterone to estrogen).
   
4. Diet: Nutritional deficiencies, particularly in zinc, vitamin D, and magnesium, may compromise testosterone production. Additionally, excessive alcohol consumption and high sugar intake have been linked to reduced testosterone levels.
   
5. Exercise habits: Regular resistance training can temporarily boost testosterone levels, while overtraining or excessive endurance exercise may temporarily suppress them.
   
6. Sleep quality and quantity: Poor sleep or sleep deprivation can significantly reduce testosterone production.
   
7. Stress levels: Chronic stress leads to elevated cortisol, which can inhibit testosterone production.
   
8. Medical conditions: Conditions such as obesity, diabetes, hypogonadism, pituitary disorders, liver or kidney disease, and certain genetic disorders can impact testosterone levels.
   
9. Medications: Certain medications, including opioids, glucocorticoids, and some antidepressants, can suppress testosterone production.
   
10. Environmental factors: Exposure to endocrine-disrupting chemicals found in some plastics, pesticides, and industrial chemicals may negatively affect hormone production.
    

Understanding these factors helps contextualize individual testosterone levels and informs potential interventions for those with levels outside the normal range.

Testosterone Levels by Age Chart (nmol/L)

Comprehensive Table: Male Testosterone Levels by Age (nmol/L)

Comprehensive Table: Female Testosterone Levels by Age (nmol/L)

 

Note: These reference ranges are compiled from clinical studies including the Endocrine Society Clinical Practice Guidelines (Bhasin et al., 2018), Mayo Clinic Laboratories reference ranges, and harmonized data from four major cohort studies across the United States and Europe (Travison et al., 2017). Individual laboratory reference ranges may vary slightly. For diagnostic purposes, always refer to the specific reference ranges provided by your testing laboratory and consult with a healthcare professional for interpretation.

Detailed Breakdown by Age Group

Ages 16-19: Adolescence to Early Adulthood

• Typical Testosterone Levels: 8.0-29.0 nmol/L
• What's Considered Low/High: Levels below 8.0 nmol/L may be considered low for this age group, while levels above 29.0 nmol/L could be considered high.
• Symptoms and Considerations: During this period, testosterone plays a crucial role in completing puberty and transitioning to adult physical development. Young men typically experience significant muscle growth, voice deepening, and development of secondary sexual characteristics.
• Low Testosterone Signs: Delayed puberty, underdeveloped musculature, sparse facial/body hair, and lower energy levels compared to peers.
• High Testosterone Signs: Advanced physical development, increased muscle mass, excessive acne, and potentially aggressive behavior.
• When to See a Doctor: If puberty seems significantly delayed compared to peers or if there are concerns about growth and development.

Ages 20-24: Peak Testosterone Years

• Typical Testosterone Levels: 9.0-30.0 nmol/L
• What's Considered Low/High: Levels below 9.0 nmol/L may be considered low, while levels above 30.0 nmol/L could be considered high.
• Symptoms and Considerations: This age range typically represents peak testosterone production for most men. During these years, men usually experience optimal energy levels, muscle-building potential, and reproductive function.
• Low Testosterone Signs: Unexplained fatigue, difficulty building muscle despite consistent training, reduced libido, and mood disturbances.
• High Testosterone Signs: Excessive oil production leading to acne, potential hair loss if genetically predisposed, and occasionally mood swings or aggression.
• When to See a Doctor: If experiencing symptoms of low testosterone despite healthy lifestyle habits, or if aggressive behavior and mood issues are concerning.

Ages 25-34: Early Adulthood

• Typical Testosterone Levels: 8.0-29.0 nmol/L
• What's Considered Low/High: Levels below 8.0 nmol/L may be considered low, while levels above 29.0 nmol/L could be considered high.
• Symptoms and Considerations: During this period, testosterone levels remain relatively stable for most men, beginning a very gradual decline that typically goes unnoticed. Men in this age range generally maintain high energy levels, sexual function, and muscle mass.
• Low Testosterone Signs: Unexplained weight gain, especially around the midsection, reduced muscle mass despite exercise, fatigue, reduced morning erections, and decreased libido.
• High Testosterone Signs: Similar to the previous age group, though less common to see naturally high levels above the normal range.
• When to See a Doctor: If experiencing multiple symptoms of low testosterone, particularly if they impact quality of life or if there's a family history of hypogonadism.

Ages 35-44: Middle Adulthood

• Typical Testosterone Levels: 7.5-27.0 nmol/L
• What's Considered Low/High: Levels below 7.5 nmol/L may be considered low, while levels above 27.0 nmol/L could be considered high.
• Symptoms and Considerations: The gradual decline in testosterone production becomes more established during these years, though most men still maintain levels within the normal range. Lifestyle factors increasingly influence hormone levels during this period.
• Low Testosterone Signs: Reduced energy and endurance, difficulty recovering from workouts, decreased motivation, mood changes including irritability or depression, and reduced sexual desire or function.
• High Testosterone Signs: Rarely occurs naturally in this age group without supplementation or medical conditions.
• When to See a Doctor: If experiencing a cluster of symptoms that impact quality of life, particularly if they appear relatively suddenly rather than gradually.

Natural Support for Optimal Testosterone Levels

At this stage of life, many men begin exploring natural ways to support their hormone health. Traditional remedies like reindeer antler velvet extract have gained attention for their potential benefits. Premium Reindeer Antler Extract, harvested from ethically raised Norwegian reindeer, contains a complex profile of growth factors, amino acids, and bioactive compounds that may support healthy testosterone levels.

The unique 100:1 extract ratio in our Premium Reindeer Antler Extract ensures maximum potency, delivering targeted support for men experiencing the natural hormonal changes of middle adulthood. Unlike synthetic hormones, this natural extract works with your body's own systems to promote optimal hormone balance.

Ages 45-54: Late Middle Adulthood

• Typical Testosterone Levels: 7.0-25.0 nmol/L
• What's Considered Low/High: Levels below 7.0 nmol/L may be considered low, while levels above 25.0 nmol/L could be considered high.
• Symptoms and Considerations: The decline in testosterone production becomes more noticeable for many men during this period. Approximately 20% of men over 45 have testosterone levels below the reference range for younger men.
• Low Testosterone Signs: Increased body fat despite exercise, reduced muscle mass and strength, diminished bone density, sleep disturbances, fatigue, reduced concentration, and changes in sexual function.
• High Testosterone Signs: Rarely occurs naturally in this age group without supplementation.
• When to See a Doctor: If experiencing multiple symptoms that impact quality of life or if there is a sudden rather than gradual change in energy, mood, or sexual function.

Ages 55-64: Early Senior Years

• Typical Testosterone Levels: 6.5-23.0 nmol/L
• What's Considered Low/High: Levels below 6.5 nmol/L may be considered low, while levels above 23.0 nmol/L could be considered high.
• Symptoms and Considerations: The decline in testosterone production continues, with approximately 30% of men in this age group having levels that would be considered low for younger men. During this period, maintaining muscle mass and bone density becomes increasingly important for long-term health.
• Low Testosterone Signs: Reduced muscle mass despite resistance training, increased body fat, decreased bone mineral density, potential cognitive changes, reduced libido, and possible erectile dysfunction.
• High Testosterone Signs: Almost always indicative of supplementation in this age group.
• When to See a Doctor: If experiencing bone density issues, significant muscle loss, cognitive changes, or if sexual function significantly impacts quality of life.

Ages 65-74: Middle Senior Years

• Typical Testosterone Levels: 6.0-22.0 nmol/L
• What's Considered Low/High: Levels below 6.0 nmol/L may be considered low, while levels above 22.0 nmol/L could be considered high.
• Symptoms and Considerations: Up to 40% of men in this age group may have testosterone levels that would be considered low for younger men. The clinical significance of this natural decline remains debated among medical professionals.
• Low Testosterone Signs: Increased frailty, significant muscle mass reduction, increased risk of falls, possible cognitive decline, and changes in mood and motivation.
• High Testosterone Signs: Almost certainly indicative of supplementation in this age group.
• When to See a Doctor: If experiencing significant physical or cognitive decline, or if quality of life is substantially impacted.

Ages 75+: Advanced Senior Years

• Typical Testosterone Levels: 5.0-20.0 nmol/L
• What's Considered Low/High: Levels below 5.0 nmol/L may be considered low, while levels above 20.0 nmol/L could be considered high.
• Symptoms and Considerations: The majority of men in this age group have testosterone levels significantly lower than younger men. The clinical approach to low testosterone in this age group often focuses on quality of life considerations.
• Low Testosterone Signs: Frailty, muscle weakness, increased fall risk, potential cognitive changes, and reduced overall energy.
• High Testosterone Signs: Almost certainly indicative of supplementation in this age group.
• When to See a Doctor: If experiencing significant decline in physical function, strength, or cognitive abilities that impact independence or quality of life.

What to Do About Low Testosterone (Hypogonadism)

Diagnosis

Proper diagnosis of low testosterone requires more than just a single blood test. The diagnostic process typically includes:

Comprehensive medical history: Your doctor will discuss your symptoms, general health, medications, and family history.

Physical examination: Looking for signs of testosterone deficiency and examining the testes for size and consistency.

Laboratory testing:

• Morning testosterone levels (ideally between 7-10 AM when levels are highest)
• Repeat testing on at least two separate occasions
• Luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) to determine if the cause is primary (testicular) or secondary (pituitary/hypothalamic)
• Complete blood count, lipid panel, and prostate-specific antigen (PSA) if considering treatment
• Additional hormones that might be affected (thyroid, prolactin, estradiol)

Potentially additional testing: In some cases, bone density scans, pituitary imaging, or genetic testing may be warranted.

The importance of accurate testing cannot be overstated. A single testosterone measurement can be misleading due to natural fluctuations, and treatment decisions should never be based on laboratory values alone but should consider the entire clinical picture including symptoms and overall health.

Treatment Options

Testosterone Replacement Therapy (TRT)

For men diagnosed with clinically significant testosterone deficiency, testosterone replacement therapy may be recommended. TRT comes in several forms:

• Injections: Testosterone cypionate or enanthate, typically administered every 1-2 weeks. These provide fluctuating levels but are generally cost-effective.
  
• Topical gels or creams: Applied daily to the skin, providing more stable levels but requiring daily administration and caution to avoid transferring to others.
  
• Transdermal patches: Applied daily, providing relatively stable levels but sometimes causing skin irritation.
  
• Subcutaneous pellets: Implanted under the skin every 3-6 months, providing very stable levels but requiring a minor procedure.
  
• Nasal preparations: Applied multiple times daily, with less risk of transfer to others.
  
• Oral preparations: Less commonly used due to potential liver effects.
  

Benefits of TRT may include:

• Improved energy and mood
• Increased muscle mass and reduced body fat
• Enhanced libido and sexual function
• Improved bone density
• Better cognitive function

Potential risks and considerations:

• Increase in red blood cell count (polycythemia)
• Potential effects on prostate health
• Possible skin reactions with topical formulations
• Fertility implications (TRT reduces sperm production)
• Potential cardiovascular effects (still debated in medical literature)
• Need for ongoing monitoring

Lifestyle Modifications

For men with mild testosterone deficiency or those looking to optimize natural production, lifestyle modifications are often the first-line approach:

1. Optimizing body composition: Reducing excess body fat, particularly visceral fat, can significantly improve testosterone levels.
   
2. Resistance training: Regular strength training (2-3 times weekly) has been shown to acutely and chronically increase testosterone levels.
   
3. Adequate sleep hygiene: Ensuring 7-9 hours of quality sleep is essential for optimal hormone production.
   
4. Stress management: Implementing stress reduction techniques to minimize cortisol production.
   
5. Nutritional optimization: Ensuring adequate intake of zinc, magnesium, vitamin D, and healthy fats.
   

Natural Supplements and Traditional Remedies

For centuries, traditional medicine has utilized natural substances to support male vitality. Modern research is beginning to validate some of these approaches:

Reindeer Antler Velvet Extract: This traditional remedy has gained significant scientific interest for its potential to support healthy testosterone levels naturally. Elite Reindeer Antler Extract contains a powerful 3,000 mg per bottle with a remarkable 100:1 extract ratio, providing a concentrated source of growth factors, amino acids, and bioactive compounds that may help support the body's natural hormone production.

What sets this extract apart is that it works with your body's own regulatory systems rather than bypassing them, providing balanced support for men experiencing age-related hormonal changes. Our rigorous harvesting and processing methods ensure you receive the highest quality product from ethically raised Norwegian reindeer.

Unlike synthetic hormone therapies that can suppress natural production, reindeer antler velvet extract may help support your body's own testosterone production pathways, making it an excellent choice for men looking to maintain optimal hormone balance naturally.

Always consult with a healthcare professional before beginning any supplement regimen, as individual needs vary and some supplements may interact with medications.

Lifestyle Factors to Optimize Testosterone

Diet

Your nutritional choices can significantly impact testosterone production. Consider these evidence-based dietary approaches:

Maintain adequate caloric intake: Severe caloric restriction can reduce testosterone production.

Consume sufficient healthy fats: Cholesterol is a precursor to testosterone, and research shows that diets too low in fat can compromise hormone production. Prioritize sources like olive oil, avocados, nuts, and fatty fish.

Ensure adequate protein intake: Aim for 0.8-1.6g per kg of body weight daily from quality sources.

Include micronutrient-rich foods:

• Zinc: Oysters, red meat, pumpkin seeds, crab
• Magnesium: Dark leafy greens, nuts, seeds
• Vitamin D: Fatty fish, egg yolks, fortified foods (and sunshine)
• B vitamins: Whole grains, meat, eggs, legumes

Limit or avoid:

• Excessive alcohol consumption
• High sugar intake
• Trans fats
• Soy products in large amounts (controversial, but potentially relevant for some men)

Exercise

Physical activity profoundly influences hormone production, with different types of exercise having varying effects:

• Resistance training: Weight lifting and bodyweight exercises have the strongest positive effect on testosterone. Focus on compound movements (squats, deadlifts, bench press, rows) with moderate to heavy weights (70-85% of one-rep maximum).
  
• High-Intensity Interval Training (HIIT): Short bursts of intense activity followed by brief recovery periods can boost growth hormone and testosterone production.
  
• Moderate cardiovascular exercise: Supports overall health and weight management without the potential suppressive effects of excessive endurance training.
  
• Recovery and overtraining: Allowing adequate recovery between intense workouts is crucial. Overtraining can increase cortisol and suppress testosterone.
  
• Consistency: Regular exercise provides more stable hormonal benefits than sporadic intense sessions.
  

Sleep

Sleep quality and quantity are among the most underappreciated factors in hormone production:

Aim for 7-9 hours: Research shows that men sleeping 5 hours per night have significantly lower testosterone levels than those sleeping 8+ hours.

Prioritize sleep quality

• Maintain a consistent sleep schedule
• Create a cool, dark sleeping environment
• Limit screen time before bed
• Consider sleep-tracking technology to identify issues

Address sleep disorders: Conditions like sleep apnea can significantly reduce testosterone production and should be professionally treated.

Stress Management

Chronic stress elevates cortisol, which directly suppresses testosterone production:

Implement stress-reduction techniques:

• Mindfulness meditation
• Deep breathing exercises
• Regular physical activity
• Time in nature
• Social connection

Set boundaries: Learn to say no to excessive commitments that contribute to chronic stress.

Consider adaptogenic herbs: Some research suggests herbs like ashwagandha may help moderate stress responses.

Track stress levels: Consider using heart rate variability (HRV) tracking to monitor your physiological stress response.

Conclusion

Understanding testosterone levels by age provides valuable context for men concerned about their hormonal health. The natural decline in testosterone with aging is a normal physiological process, but the rate and impact of this decline vary significantly between individuals. While medical intervention may be appropriate for some men with clinically low levels, many can support optimal testosterone production through evidence-based lifestyle approaches.

For those seeking natural support for age-related hormonal changes, traditional remedies like reindeer antler velvet extract offer a promising approach backed by both historical use and emerging research. Premium products like our Elite Reindeer Antler Extract provide a concentrated source of bioactive compounds that may help support the body's own regulatory systems.

Remember that testosterone is just one component of a complex hormonal system, and focusing exclusively on this single hormone can lead to an imbalanced approach to health. Always consult with healthcare professionals for personalized guidance, particularly before beginning any supplement regimen or if experiencing significant symptoms.

By combining evidence-based lifestyle approaches with carefully selected natural supplements when appropriate, men can take proactive steps to maintain hormonal health and vitality throughout the aging process.

Disclaimer: This article is for informational purposes only and does not constitute medical advice. Always consult with a qualified healthcare provider before beginning any supplement regimen or making significant changes to your health routine, particularly if you have existing medical conditions or take prescription medications.

Frequently Asked Questions

How often should I get my testosterone levels checked?

For men without symptoms, routine screening isn't typically recommended. Men experiencing symptoms of low testosterone should get an initial test followed by a confirmatory test. After 40, consider including testosterone testing in regular check-ups every 2-3 years, especially with risk factors like obesity or diabetes. Men on testosterone therapy require monitoring every 3-6 months.

Can lifestyle changes really improve testosterone levels?

Yes. Research shows weight loss in overweight men can increase testosterone by 50-100 ng/dL, while consistent resistance training can increase levels by 15-20%. Improving sleep quality and reducing stress also normalize disrupted testosterone patterns. These approaches are particularly effective for mild to moderate deficiencies.

What's the difference between "low testosterone" and "hypogonadism"?

"Low testosterone" simply describes below-normal levels, while "hypogonadism" is a clinical diagnosis of insufficient testosterone production with specific symptoms. Hypogonadism is classified as "primary" (testicular failure) or "secondary" (pituitary/hypothalamic dysfunction). Diagnosis requires significant symptoms and confirmed low levels on multiple tests.

Is reindeer antler velvet extract right for me?

Before trying any supplement, establish whether you have low testosterone through proper testing. Start with lifestyle modifications (diet, exercise, sleep, stress management). For natural support alongside these changes, Premium Reindeer Antler Extract may be beneficial, particularly for mild deficiencies. Always consult with a healthcare provider before starting supplements.

Should women monitor testosterone levels too?

Yes. While women produce much less testosterone than men, this hormone affects bone density, muscle mass, energy, and sexual function in women as well. Symptoms of imbalance include fatigue, decreased libido, muscle weakness, or mood changes. Testing testosterone as part of a complete hormonal panel can provide valuable insights for women experiencing these symptoms.

What are the risks of testosterone replacement therapy?

TRT carries potential risks including increased red blood cell count, effects on prostate health, reduced sperm production, and possible cardiovascular effects. Natural alternatives include optimizing body composition, resistance training, improving sleep, managing stress, addressing vitamin/mineral deficiencies, and considering evidence-based supplements like our Reindeer Antler Extract, which contains compounds that may support natural hormone production.

References

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2. Travison TG, Vesper HW, Orwoll E, et al. Harmonized Reference Ranges for Circulating Testosterone Levels in Men of Four Cohort Studies in the United States and Europe. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2017;102(4):1161-1173. doi:10.1210/jc.2016-2935
   
   
3. Kelsey TW, Li LQ, Mitchell RT, Whelan A, Anderson RA, Wallace WH. A validated age-related normative model for male total testosterone shows increasing variance but no decline after age 40 years. PLoS One. 2014;9(10):e109346. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0109346
   
   
4. Handelsman DJ, Yeap B, Flicker L, Martin S, Wittert GA, Ly LP. Age-specific population centiles for androgen status in men. Eur J Endocrinol. 2015;173(6):809-817. doi:10.1530/EJE-15-0380
   
   
5. Cooper LA, Page ST. Testosterone and Cardiovascular Risk in Men. Front Horm Res. 2014;43:1-8. doi:10.1159/000360553
   
   
6. Mayo Clinic Laboratories. Testosterone, Total, Bioavailable, and Free, Serum. Clinical and Interpretive Reference Guide. https://www.mayocliniclabs.com/test-catalog/Clinical+and+Interpretive/83686
   
   
7. American Urological Association. Evaluation and Management of Testosterone Deficiency: AUA Guideline. 2018. https://www.auanet.org/guidelines/guidelines/testosterone-deficiency-guideline
   
   
8. Chin KY, Soelaiman IN, Naina Mohamed I, et al. Testosterone is associated with age-related changes in bone health status, muscle strength and body composition in men. Aging Male. 2012;15(4):240-245. doi:10.3109/13685538.2012.724415
   
   
9. Vermeulen A. Androgen replacement therapy in the aging male--a critical evaluation. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2001;86(6):2380-2390. doi:10.1210/jcem.86.6.7630
   
   
10. Corona G, Rastrelli G, Monami M, et al. Body weight loss reverts obesity-associated hypogonadotropic hypogonadism: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur J Endocrinol. 2013;168(6):829-843. doi:10.1530/EJE-12-0955